PERBANDINGAN SISTEM RAINWATER HARVESTING DI KOTA DAN DESA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MENGATASI KEKERINGAN (STUDI KASUS DESA KRAJAN TIMUR DAN DESA PANDUMAN, KAB. JEMBER)

Retno Utami Agung Wiyono, Entin Hidayah, Fahir Hassan, Fista Pebriyanti, Alfiati Ningsih

Abstract


Abstrak

 

Air adalah sumber daya yang terus dibutuhkan manusia. Dengan menggunakan sistem Rainwater Harvesting RWH), air hujan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestik. Penelitian ini tidak hanya membahas potensi air yang dapat dimanfaatkan dari sistem RWH yang ada pada satu lokasi saja, akan tetapi mempertimbangkan dua lokasi yang merupakan lokasi yang lebih padat penduduk dan dikategorikan sebagai wilayah kota (Desa Krajan Timur, Sumbersari) dan lokasi yang lebih jarang penduduknya dan dikategorikan sebagai wilayah desa (Desa Panduman, Jelbuk). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan beberapa data yaitu peta lokasi, data curah hujan, dan data kebutuhan air penduduk. Untuk mengetahui kebutuhan air dan sumber air yang digunakan penduduk sehari-hari, dilakukan survey kepada masyarakat yaitu 20 rumah di wilayah kota dan 20 rumah di wilayah desa. Perhitungan potensi air dari sistem RWH dilakukan dengan metode F. J. Mock menggunakan debit andalan 50%. Dari studi ini diperoleh hasil bahwa pada 20 rumah di wilayah kota, sistem RWH berpotensi menghasilkan air sejumlah 3,168 liter/bulan sampai 31,825 liter/bulan. Adapun pada 20 rumah di wilayah desa, potensi air dari sistem RWH pada setiap rumah berkisar antara 15,090 liter/bulan sampai 33,952 liter/bulan. Potensi air tersebut dapat memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan air pada 20 rumah di desa dan 17 rumah di kota, serta dapat memenuhi 44% sampai 72% kebutuhan air pada 3 rumah di wilayah kota.

 

Kata kunci: Rainwater harvesting, kebutuhan air, kesetimbangan air, kota, desa

 

 

Abstract

 

Water has always become a vital resource that is needed by a human being. Rainwater may play an essential role as a domestic water supply by rainwater harvesting system. This study compares potential rainwater harvested at two locations considered an urban area with higher population density and a rural area with lower population density. The studied urban area and rural area are Desa Krajan Timur, Sumbersari and Desa Panduman, Jelbuk, respectively. Several data utilized in this study are location maps, precipitation data, and water needs data. Surveys are conducted by interviewing twenty residences in each urban and rural area to obtain water needs and water sources data. Water harvested potential was calculated using F J Mock method. The study results showed that rainwater harvesting system in 20 houses in the urban area could produce 3,168 liters/month until 31,825 liters/month of water. While the rainwater harvesting system in 20 houses in the rural area could produce 15,090 liters/month until 33,952 liters/month of water. The harvested water could fulfill all water needs in 20 houses in the rural area, 17 houses in the urban area, and 44% until 72% of water needs in 3 houses in the urban area.

 

Keywords: Rainwater harvesting, water needs, water balance, urban area, rural area


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/tj.v11i1.420

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