Uji Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Menggunakan Metode Gravimetri Terhadap Kualitas Air Baku Waduk Manggar Karang Joang Kota Balikpapan

Abstract

Abstrak

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) merupakan parameter fisik kualitas air yang menunjukkan jumlah partikel padat tersuspensi dan berkaitan dengan tingkat kekeruhan. Pengukuran TSS penting karena konsentrasi yang tinggi dapat mengurangi kejernihan air, menghambat penetrasi cahaya, memengaruhi ekosistem perairan, dan menambah beban pengolahan air baku. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi TSS pada air baku Waduk Manggar di tiga titik dan air distribusi PDAM di tiga rumah pelanggan, mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya terhadap baku mutu yang relevan, serta mengidentifikasi faktor yang memengaruhi keandalan pengujian gravimetri. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimental melalui pengujian di UPTD Labkesda Balikpapan, pengujian gravimetri awal sebanyak tiga kali ulangan dengan volume 150 mL dan neraca berketelitian 0,1 g, serta pengujian ulang air PDAM menggunakan volume 1.000 mL dan neraca berketelitian 0,001 g. Hasil Labkesda menunjukkan konsentrasi TSS air waduk sebesar 17, 24, dan 62 mg/L. Berdasarkan baku mutu air danau atau waduk kelas I sebesar 25 mg/L, dua titik memenuhi baku mutu, sedangkan titik terdalam melampauinya. TSS air distribusi PDAM berkisar 13–17 mg/L dan disajikan secara deskriptif karena tidak dibandingkan dengan baku mutu waduk. Pengujian gravimetri awal menghasilkan 1.333–5.333 mg/L pada air waduk dan 667–2.667 mg/L pada air PDAM, sedangkan pengujian ulang menghasilkan 0–20 mg/L. Perbedaan hasil menunjukkan bahwa keterbacaan neraca, volume contoh uji, homogenisasi, preparasi media penyaring, pengeringan, dan pencapaian bobot tetap sangat memengaruhi keandalan pengujian.

Kata kunci: air baku, gravimetri, kualitas air, TSS, Waduk Manggar.

Abstract

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is a physical water-quality parameter that indicates the amount of suspended particulate matter and relates to turbidity. TSS measurement is important because high concentrations can reduce water clarity, limit light penetration, affect aquatic ecosystems, and increase the burden of raw-water treatment. This study aimed to determine TSS concentrations in raw water from Manggar Reservoir at three sampling points and in PDAM water from three households, evaluate compliance with the relevant water-quality standard, and identify factors affecting the reliability of gravimetric testing. A quantitative experimental approach was applied through testing at the Balikpapan Regional Health Laboratory, triplicate initial gravimetric testing using a 150 mL sample and a balance with 0.1 g readability, and repeat testing of PDAM water using a 1,000 mL sample and a balance with 0.001 g readability. Laboratory results showed reservoir-water TSS concentrations of 17, 24, and 62 mg/L. Based on the Class I lake and reservoir standard of 25 mg/L, two points complied with the standard, whereas the deepest point exceeded it. TSS concentrations in PDAM water ranged from 13 to 17 mg/L and were described without comparison with the reservoir standard. Initial gravimetric testing produced 1,333–5,333 mg/L in reservoir water and 667–2,667 mg/L in PDAM water, whereas repeat testing produced 0–20 mg/L. The differences indicate that balance readability, sample volume, homogenization, filter preparation, drying, and attainment of constant mass strongly influence test reliability.

Keywords: gravimetry, Manggar Reservoir, raw water, TSS, water quality.